Most solar racing teams belong to one university. Top Dutch Solar Racing from Groningen is different: since 2017 it has brought together students from several universities and colleges in the north of the Netherlands. Within two years the first team of 26 students built their first car, Green Lightning.
Green Lightning raced in the 2019 Bridgestone World Solar Challenge. Its shape was unusual for the time: it was one of the first solar cars with a monohull or “bullet” body, a single streamlined shape instead of the common catamaran layout. Composite leaf springs saved weight and kept the car stable. Without a driver it weighed only 144.5 kg. One of the innovations first tested on a demonstrator: steering the wheels with wires.

When the 2021 race in Australia was cancelled because of COVID-19, the second team took Green Spirit to the Moroccan Solar Challenge. It started from pole position and finished fourth after a race through the Atlas Mountains. Green Spirit used two coreless radial-flux motors, a full composite leaf-spring suspension and a custom LiFePO4 battery.

The third car, Green Thunder, went back to Australia in 2023. Before the race a gust damaged some of its solar modules, but the team kept going and finished 6th. Its most interesting feature for us: tandem perovskite solar cells, the technology we wrote about in 35.5%: Perovskite-Silicon Tandem Cells Set a New World Record. The fourth car, Green Falcon, raced in 2025.

Other Dutch solar racers on our site: Nuna 7, Nuna 3 and the family cars Stella Lux and Stella Vie.
Technical data
| Builder | Top Dutch Solar Racing, Groningen (Netherlands) |
|---|---|
| Founded | 2017 |
| Green Lightning (2019) | Monohull “bullet” body, composite leaf springs, 144.5 kg; BWSC 2019 |
| Green Spirit (2021) | 2 coreless radial-flux motors, LiFePO4 battery, ~200 kg; Moroccan Solar Challenge: pole, 4th |
| Green Thunder (2023) | Tandem perovskite cells; BWSC 2023: 6th |
| Green Falcon (2025) | BWSC 2025 |
Photos
- Top photo: Wikikowsky / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
- The 2019 team at the finish line in Adelaide. Photo: Wikikowsky / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Team 2023 with Green Thunder in Australia. Photo: PietAppel / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
- Green Spirit during the Moroccan Solar Challenge. Photo: PietAppel / Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 4.0
Sources
Keep exploringMore solar projects
Planesicaré 2 – The Solar Glider from Stuttgart
4 WheelsMaize & Blue – Michigan’s 1993 National Champion
PlanesPathfinder-Plus – Solar Wing Record at 80,201 Feet
PlanesSolar Impulse 1 – The Prototype That Flew Through the Night
Trailerthe Tin Tent
3 WheelsCalSol Zephyr – Berkeley’s First Win After 27 Years
BoatsSolar Odyssey – A Solar-Electric Racing Trimaran
4 WheelsVenturi Eclectic – The Sun-and-Wind City Car from Monaco
BoatsEnergy Observer – Sun, Wind and Hydrogen at Sea
4 WheelsToyota RaRa II – A Solar Car Built to Lead Marathons
5+ Wheels · TrailerSolatrike II
3 WheelsClean Motion Zbee – A 230 kg Electric Trike from Sweden
5+ WheelsSojourner – The First Solar Rover on Mars
5+ WheelsKirályrét Solar Railcar – A Forest Train Running on Sunshine
BoatsTU Delft Solar Boat – Flying Over Water on Hydrofoils
BoatsMalt’s Mermaid – Across the Pacific on Sunlight
4 WheelsARI 458 Solar – An Electric Micro-Van That Charges Itself
BoatsElektronemo – Prague’s Solar Boat in the Devil’s Channel
3 WheelsStanford Luminos – 10,000 Safe Miles and 4th in the World
4 WheelsLightyear 0 – The First Production Solar Car
BoatsFährBär – Berlin’s Solar Ferries
BoatsSunCat 120 – Berlin’s Solar Catamaran on the Spree
2 WheelsSola.Bike 2 person bike with solar roof
3 WheelsMidnight Sun – Waterloo’s Solar Cars and a 15,070 km Record
3 WheelsEolian 2 – Chile’s Solar Car from the Atacama to Australia
4 WheelsVéLorean – A Side-by-Side Solar Tandem Quad
5+ WheelsMars rover Opportunity
4 WheelsHuawei Sonnenwagen – Aachen’s Rookie Run Across Australia
4 WheelsSunswift 7 – 1,000 km on One Charge in Under 12 Hours
BoatsOrca ten Broke – Berlin’s Solar Seminar Ship
BoatsAlstersonne – Hamburg’s Solar Boat on the Alster
PlanesSolair I – Germany’s Solar Aircraft Pioneer
PlanesSolar Riser – The First Human Flight on Solar Power (1979)
BoatsSolifleur – One of the First Solar Passenger Boats
4 WheelsThe Big Lemon – The UK’s First Solar-Powered Bus
3 WheelsSunswift IVy – The Fastest Car on Pure Solar Power
PlanesSolarStratos – Climbing Toward the Stratosphere on Sunlight
BoatsBluebottle – An Ocean Drone Powered by Sun, Wind and Waves
4 WheelsStella Vita – A Solar-Powered House on Wheels
3 WheelsUmicar Infinity – Belgium’s Runner-Up in the Outback
BoatsMobiCat – Switzerland’s Big Solar Lake Catamaran
2 WheelsDIY Off-Grid Solar E-Bike by Andreas Lemmer
5+ WheelsByron Bay Solar Train – The First Solar-Powered Passenger Train
2 Wheels · 3 WheelsThe Sun Trip – Crossing Continents on Solar Bikes
4 WheelsGM Sunraycer – Winner of the First World Solar Challenge
PlanesElektra One Solar – A Light Aircraft with Solar Wings
3 WheelsNuna 3 – Delft’s Record Run at 102.75 km/h
4 WheelsMercedes-Benz / Alpha Real – Winner of the First Solar Car Race
2 WheelsNTS SunCycle – The Solar Cargo Bike
BoatsWayward Sun – A Father and Son’s Solar Voyage to Alaska
BoatsGalilée & Copernic – La Rochelle’s Solar Sea Buses
BoatsSolarWave – A Solar Yacht with Four Cabins
PlanesSolar Impulse 2 – Flying Around the World on Sunlight
3 Wheels · TrailerSolartaxi – The First Trip Around the World by Solar Car
4 WheelsHySolarKit – Turning an Ordinary Car into a Solar Hybrid
4 WheelsSquad Solar City Car – A Solar Microcar for Everyday Errands
5+ WheelsLunokhod 1 – The First Solar-Charged Rover on the Moon
BoatsTûranor PlanetSolar – Around the World on Sunlight
BoatsSolaaris – Münster’s Solar Water Bus on the Aasee
3 WheelsAurora 101 – Australia’s Home-Grown Solar Champion
4 WheelsStella Lux – The Energy-Positive Family Car
BoatsSolar Sailor – The Ferry with Solar Wings
3 WheelsTokai Challenger – 100 km/h Across Australia on Sunlight
3 WheelsSolar Eagle II – Cal State LA’s Pole-Position Racer
BoatsMS Staffelseerin – 137 km on One Battery Charge
4 WheelsSolarWorld GT – Around the World in a Solar Car
5+ WheelsSpirit – The Solar Rover That Lasted 20 Times Longer Than Planned
BoatsNeckarsonne – Heidelberg’s Big Solar Catamaran
4 WheelsStella Vie – The Solar Family Car from Eindhoven
3 WheelsMomentum – Michigan’s Three-Wheeled Solar Champion
